Table of Contents
Overview
A Sheet Metal Shearing Machine is a specialized tool used in the sheet metal industry for cutting metal plates into various shapes and sizes.
It is composed of several key components such as blades, pulleys, baffles, and an electric control system.
The machine’s die, used for cutting metal plates, can be found in different shapes, including straight blades and round blades.
Sheet metal shearing machines are widely used in various industries, such as automotive and aerospace manufacturing, machinery production, household appliance production, and construction.
The effectiveness of a Sheet Metal Shearing Machine is determined by several factors such as its shearing capacity, accuracy, speed, and reliability.
Types of Shearing Machines
Depending on the drive mode, common types of shearing machines mainly include manual sheet metal shearing machines, mechanical shearing machines, hydraulic shearing machines, and pneumatic shearing machines.
Manual sheet metal shears are equipment that can perform cutting of plates by manually moving the blade up and down.
These shears are easy to operate and suitable for cutting small plates, but their cutting accuracy is low and cannot meet the requirements of large plates.
The mechanical shearing machine operates using a power device consisting of a motor, flywheel, worm shaft, and clutch.
It has faster cutting speeds and more strokes per minute compared to the hydraulic shearing machine.
The flywheel of the mechanical shearing machine stores energy, allowing for a motor with lower horsepower to be used.
Mechanical shearing machines can be further divided into up-moving and down-moving types based on the operation mode.
The hydraulic shearing machine is powered by a hydraulic cylinder and motor. The motor drives the hydraulic cylinder to apply hydraulic oil pressure to the piston, providing power to the upper blade’s piston.
The hydraulic shearing machine has a longer stroke and can handle different load capacities.
Materials cut using a hydraulic shearing machine have a smooth surface with minimal markings.
These machines are known for their large shearing force, stable operation, and good controllability.
The hydraulic shearing machine can be categorized into two types: the swing beam shearing machine and the guillotine shearing machine.
The swing beam shearing machine performs the shearing movement by swinging the tool rest, resulting in high speed, high shearing accuracy, and high efficiency.
The guillotine shearing machine can be powered either by hydraulic or mechanical means.
It consists of a working table, upper and lower blades, a hydraulic piston, a clamping tool, and a blank holder.
This machine can cut plates of varying thicknesses and lengths. The movable blade of the guillotine shearing machine can be straight or angled to reduce the cutting force.
With fast cutting speed, the guillotine shearing machine can handle large cutting thicknesses and lengths, making it ideal for mass production.
However, the cut edges produced are rough and unattractive.
The pneumatic shearing machine refers to the equipment that uses a pneumatic system to control the up-and-down movement of the blade for plate cutting.
The pneumatic plate shearing machine offers high shearing speed and accuracy, as its blade movement can be adjusted through air pressure.
It is commonly used for cutting special plates, such as those with high hardness and strength.
Thanks to its high cutting speed and accuracy, the pneumatic shearing machine is ideal for high-speed and high-precision cutting.
There are two main types of shearing machines for cutting plates: linear and circular.
The linear shearing machine is powered by hydraulic devices and can handle thicker metal plates.
The circular plate shearing machine is powered by a motor and can cut circular metal plates.
Each type of shearing machine has its own advantages and is suitable for different cutting needs.
Users can select the most suitable type of shearing machine based on their needs and the properties of the material.
For instance, manual shearing machines are ideal for cutting small plates, while large plates may require a guillotine shearing machine or a pneumatic shearing machine.
Main Components of the Shearing Machine
The main components of a shearing machine are the working table, upper and lower shearing blades, clamping tools, baffles, and electrical elements.
The blades, typically made from high-strength steel with good hardness and wear resistance, are the primary working component of the machine.
They can be moved up and down to perform the cutting of the sheet metal. The clamp is used to secure the metal sheet in place for accurate cutting.
The baffle serves as a protective measure for the plate shearing machine. Made from high-strength metal materials, it guards against external forces impacting the plate.
The baffle is typically installed near the blade edge of the machine for maximum safety of the workers.
The electrical elements control the operation of the shearing machine and consist of a circuit board, motor, and controller.
These elements monitor and control the machine’s running state to ensure safe operation.
Working Principle of the Sheet Metal Shearing Machine
The working principle of a shearing machine is to cut sheet metal into the desired size and shape by moving its blade up and down.
To begin, the plate must be placed on the blade, ensuring it makes contact with the blade.
The machine is then activated by controlling the electrical elements to start the motor, causing the blade to move up and down.
The driving system then powers the blade to shear the sheet.
Throughout the process, a protective device is in place to ensure safety and prevent the plate from being affected by external forces.
The speed of the blade is also adjusted by the shearing machine, based on the type and size of the material being worked on, to ensure accurate shearing of the plate.
Conclusion
Sheet Mtal Shearing Machines are widely used in various industries, including metal fabrication, automotive manufacturing, aerospace, construction, and more. They are commonly employed for cutting sheet metal, plates, bars, and other forms of metal stock into shapes such as squares, rectangles, strips, and angles.
Besides shearing machines are essential tools for cutting and shaping metal materials with precision and efficiency, contributing to the manufacturing of a wide range of products and components across different industries.
