Comment utiliser et régler une cisaille à guillotine CNC – Un guide systématique

What is a CNC Guillotine Shearing Machine

UN Cisaille guillotine à commande numérique is a type of sheet metal cutting equipment that utilizes a hydraulic or mechanical system to shear or cut through metal sheets with precision and accuracy. The term "guillotine" refers to the mechanism used in these machines, which resembles the action of a guillotine blade descending to cut the material.

Here's an overview of the main components and features of a Cisaille guillotine à commande numérique:

Cadre: The frame provides the structural support for the machine and houses the cutting components. It is typically made of heavy-duty steel to withstand the forces involved in the shearing process.

Blades: Guillotine shearing machines feature a pair of sharp blades, with one fixed in place and the other movable. The movable blade is actuated by a hydraulic or mechanical system to perform the cutting action.

Système hydraulique: Many modern CNC guillotine shearing machines utilize hydraulic systems to power the cutting mechanism. Hydraulic cylinders apply force to the movable blade, allowing it to shear through the metal sheet with precision.

CNC Control System: CNC (Computer Numerical Control) technology is integrated into these machines to automate and control the cutting process. Operators can input cutting parameters, such as material thickness and cutting length, into the CNC control panel to achieve accurate and repeatable cuts.

Calibre arrière : A back gauge is used to position the metal sheet accurately before cutting. CNC guillotine shearing machines may feature programmable back gauges that can be adjusted to accommodate different sheet sizes and cutting requirements.

Caractéristiques de sécurité : Safety features such as safety guards, emergency stop buttons, and light curtains are incorporated into CNC guillotine shearing machines to ensure operator safety during operation.

CNC guillotine shearing machines are commonly used in various industries, including metal fabrication, automotive manufacturing, aerospace, and construction. They offer high precision, efficiency, and versatility in cutting a wide range of sheet metal materials, including steel, aluminum, and stainless steel. Additionally, CNC control allows for automation, reducing operator fatigue and increasing productivity.

CNC Control System

The CNC (Computer Numerical Control) control system is the heart of a CNC guillotine shearing machine, offering precise control and automation of the cutting process. Here's an introduction to the CNC control system of a CNC guillotine shearing machine:

Fonctionnalité: The CNC control system serves as the brain of the guillotine shearing machine, providing control over various cutting parameters such as material thickness, cutting length, blade gap, and cutting angle. It translates programmed instructions into precise movements of the cutting blade and other machine components.

Programming Interface: Operators interact with the CNC control system through a user-friendly interface, typically consisting of a control panel or touchscreen display. This interface allows operators to input cutting parameters, select cutting programs, and monitor the cutting process in real-time.

Automation: One of the key features of the CNC control system is automation. Once the cutting parameters are programmed into the system, the CNC control system automatically executes the cutting operation, eliminating the need for manual intervention. This automation improves efficiency, accuracy, and repeatability in cutting operations.

Precision and Accuracy: The CNC control system enables precise control over the cutting process, resulting in accurate and consistent cuts. Operators can set tight tolerances and achieve high levels of accuracy, even when cutting complex shapes or profiles.

Caractéristiques de sécurité : Modern CNC guillotine shearing machines are equipped with advanced safety features integrated into the CNC control system. These features include emergency stop buttons, light curtains, and overload protection mechanisms to ensure operator safety during operation.

Diagnostic and Monitoring Capabilities: The CNC control system provides diagnostic and monitoring capabilities, allowing operators to detect and troubleshoot any issues that may arise during the cutting process. Real-time feedback on cutting parameters such as blade position, material feed rate, and cutting force helps operators optimize performance and minimize downtime.

Versatilité: CNC guillotine shearing machines with a CNC control system offer versatility in cutting a wide range of materials and thicknesses. Operators can easily switch between cutting programs and adjust cutting parameters to accommodate different job requirements.

CNC control system of a CNC guillotine shearing machine enhances productivity, accuracy, and safety in sheet metal cutting operations, making it an essential component of modern metal fabrication facilities.

Types of CNC Guillotine Shearing Machine

There are primarily two main types of CNC guillotine shearing machines based on the cutting method they employ:

Hydraulic Guillotine Shearing Machine:

Hydraulic guillotine shearing machines use hydraulic cylinders to power the cutting process. These machines offer high cutting accuracy, reliability, and versatility across a wide range of materials and thicknesses.

They typically feature a hydraulic system that applies force to the movable blade, which then shears through the metal sheet.

Hydraulic guillotine shearing machines are suitable for various applications in metal fabrication, including cutting sheets, plates, and profiles.

Mechanical Guillotine Shearing Machine:

Mechanical guillotine shearing machines utilize a mechanical linkage or flywheel system to power the cutting action. These machines are known for their high cutting speeds and robust construction.

They feature a mechanical drive system that generates the force required to shear through the metal sheet.

Mechanical guillotine shearing machines are suitable for heavy-duty cutting applications and are often used in high-volume production environments.

Both types of CNC guillotine shearing machines offer advantages depending on the specific requirements of the application. Hydraulic machines are preferred for their precision and versatility, while mechanical machines excel in high-speed cutting operations. Additionally, CNC control systems can be integrated into both types of machines to automate and control the cutting process, further enhancing efficiency and accuracy.

How to Adjust CNC Guilloting Shearing Machine

Réglage de l'angle de cisaillement de la lame

L'angle de coupe de la lame est l'angle entre les lames. Il peut être ajusté pour s'adapter à différents matériaux. L'angle de coupe doit être réglé en fonction de l'épaisseur du matériau, ce qui rend votre processus de coupe plus efficace et plus précis.

L'angle de cisaillement est mesuré en degrés, les plus courants étant 0°, 22,5°, 45° et 90°. Le réglage à 0° est utilisé pour les matériaux mous comme le plastique ou le caoutchouc, tandis que 45° est mieux adapté aux métaux et autres matériaux durs.

Réglage de la butée arrière

La butée arrière est une plaque mobile qui sert à maintenir la pièce. Elle doit être réglée pour être parallèle à la lame et à la même hauteur que celle-ci. Cela permettra de garantir que votre matériau ne soit pas plié lorsque vous le coupez.

Vous pouvez régler votre butée arrière en desserrant ou en resserrant les vis situées à l'avant et à l'arrière de votre machine (appelées rouleaux d'alimentation). S'il n'y a pas de vis à cet endroit, utilisez une clé à molette ou une pince et tournez-les dans le sens inverse des aiguilles d'une montre jusqu'à ce qu'elles s'arrêtent de tourner. Resserrez légèrement le tout à l'aide d'un autre outil comme un tournevis ou une clé.

Réglage du jeu entre les lames

Le réglage de l'espace entre les lames est essentiel lors de l'utilisation d'une cisaille à guillotine. L'espace entre les lames correspond à la distance entre leurs bords, qui détermine la quantité de métal pouvant être séparée à chaque coup de votre cisaille à guillotine.

L'épaisseur de votre matériau déterminera la plage de jeu que vous devez utiliser pour le couper. Si vous coupez des pièces de métal fines, par exemple, vous n'aurez besoin d'aucun jeu du tout ; si vous travaillez avec des pièces épaisses (ou tout matériau qui nécessite plusieurs passages dans votre lame), un jeu plus important est nécessaire pour que moins de matériau soit gaspillé à chaque passage.

How to Operate and Use a CNC Guillotine Shearing Machine

Operating and using a CNC guillotine shearing machine requires careful attention to safety procedures and familiarity with the machine's controls. Here's a step-by-step guide:

Preparing the Machine:

Ensure the machine is placed on a level surface and securely anchored to prevent movement during operation.

Check the hydraulic or mechanical system for any leaks or malfunctions and address them promptly.

Verify that all safety guards and devices are in place and functioning correctly.

Powering On:

Turn on the main power switch of the CNC guillotine shearing machine.

If applicable, activate the CNC control system and load the cutting program or enter cutting parameters manually.

Material Preparation:

Prepare the metal sheet to be cut according to the required dimensions and thickness.

Ensure the material is clean and free from any debris that could affect the cutting process.

Setting Up the Back Gauge:

Adjust the back gauge to the desired position using the CNC control panel or manual adjustment knobs.

Position the material against the back gauge to ensure accurate cutting.

Blade Clearance Adjustment:

Adjust the blade clearance based on the material thickness using the CNC control panel or manual adjustment knobs.Ensure the blade clearance is set correctly to prevent excessive wear and tear on the blades and ensure clean cuts.

Initiating the Cutting Process:

Activate the cutting cycle using the CNC control panel or foot pedal, depending on the machine's configuration.

Monitor the cutting process closely to ensure accurate and precise cuts.

Post-Cutting Checks:

Inspect the cut pieces for quality and accuracy, checking for any defects or irregularities.

Remove any burrs or sharp edges from the cut edges using deburring tools or other finishing methods.

Shutting Down the Machine:

Once the cutting process is complete, turn off the machine's power and ensure all moving parts have come to a complete stop.

Clean the machine and remove any debris or scrap material from the work area.

Entretien:

Perform regular maintenance tasks as recommended by the manufacturer, such as lubricating moving parts and inspecting hydraulic or mechanical components.

Address any issues or abnormalities promptly to prevent downtime and ensure optimal performance.

By following these steps and adhering to safety guidelines, operators can effectively and safely operate a CNC guillotine shearing machine to achieve accurate and precise cuts in sheet metal materials.

Conclusion

A guillotine shearing machine is a cutting tool that has many uses. It can be used to cut materials like metal, wood, and plastic. The main advantage of using a guillotine shearing machine over other types of machines is that it provides accurate cuts without affecting the integrity or quality of the material being processed. It also saves time and cost compared to conventional methods like sawing or drilling holes into solid materials.